Volumetric titration is typically selected for samples in the 100 ppm to 100% water content range, 虽然样品分析下降10 PPM水是可能的. One component Karl Fischer reagents are the most popular as they are the least expensive, 不要总是需要特殊的溶剂. 在单组分卡尔费希尔滴定法中, a titrant with a known concentration is reacted with a sample in a vessel solvent, 最终消耗了样本中的水.

The titrant contains all the components required for the KF reaction: iodine, base, sulfur dioxide, 溶剂介质. The vessel solvent is chosen to match the sample dissolution characteristics. By measuring the volume of the titrant added, the amount of water in the sample can be calculated. Watermark产品线包括滴度值为5mg /mL的试剂, 2 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL, 涵盖一系列应用程序.

不含甲醇和吡啶的配方, 水印体积滴定剂适用于所有KF滴定样品, 即使是那些含有醛或酮的.

不知道该选哪个?

Choose a 单组份体系 如果你的实验室预算有限，或者经常进行KF滴定. 所有的反应物都在滴定瓶里, and our Watermark non-hygroscopic titrants are designed to be exceptionally stable with a guaranteed shelf life of two years.

Choose a 双组分系统 if you need a higher degree of accuracy, faster titrations, or need to standardize less frequently. 可用的最低强度为0.5 mg/mL and is designed for applications with minimal sample, or very low water content.

Coulometric titration is typically selected with a water content of less than 1%, 虽然样品含水量高达5%是可能的. 阳极液和阴极液的选择是基于样品矩阵的, 这反过来又影响发电机的选择.

Watermark reagents offer the best value and performance for Karl Fischer titration in the industry. 延长保质期, 快速水分测定, 一个稳定的终点, 很明显，水印优于竞争对手. Watermark, GFS Chemicals, 是专门配制的，以提供最终的分析性能.

Standardization of a Karl Fischer titrant is necessary to determine its water equivalency. GFS化学公司生产各种参考材料, 包括我们哥伦布的主要标准, Ohio facilities.

水标准 are delivered in boxes of 10 single-use ampoules, and come with a 5-year shelf life. Watermark water standards are methanol-free and can be used for all applications. 所有标准都附有分析证书(COfA)。, 是否经过ISO/IEC 17025认证的管理体系严格测试, 并且可以追溯到NIST.

可靠的标准，包括 sodium tartrate and 柠檬酸钾，也有.

卡尔费歇尔反应依赖于pH值. Most of the Watermarks titrants and solvents are buffered to counter samples that cause small pH changes. 如果样品导致pH值变化超出要求的5到7.5范围，副反应和慢动力学可能发生.

以抵消样品在极高或极低的pH值的影响, 加入缓冲材料将pH值调整到最佳pH值范围.

GFS Chemicals specializes in the manufacture of anhydrous magnesium perchlorate which is an excellent drying agent for air and gases. KF滴定系统要求不受大气湿度的影响. 我们提供多种选择，包括分子筛, 指示硅珠, 钙基干燥剂.

Compare our prices and see if we can save you money over your current supplier.